The analysis of the pollen content of the honey samples indicates that the local flora may be used as a source of goodquality honey. Centrifuging should be used but not crushing and straining. Honey is a natural and easily digested food produced to the distinctive appearance of pollen grains produced by honey bees. Pdf filtration, rather than centrifugation, was investigated as a first step to extract pollen from honey. For example, when using pollen counts to determine the nectar sources of a honey sample, we recognize that the types and percen. Pollen analysis is but one of a number of tests that must be used to determine the quality and source of honey. Here are two methods which a microscopist can use and are based on rex sawyers book honey identification 1988 and my own experiences.
Southern australian vegetation is dominated by eucalyptus myrtaceae forests and, as expected, most australian honeys. The national honey board requires beekeepers to have the honey analyzed if they want to label their honey as a monofloral honey. Microscopic analysis and other advanced techniques 11, 8, 12, are currently being used for the analysis of the pollen in honey which may eventually determine its geographical origin. The sample of raw honey is diluted with 10 ml of distilled water and 150 ml of etoh, and then heated to 100o f to ensure a complete mixture. The most common method used to determine the botanical origin of honey is pollen analysis. Pollen analysis in honey suhbharani ramnath and sivaram. Absolute concentration is expressed as pollen grains per 10 g of honey and is derived from volumetric data. Pollen analyses were performed on honey and beebread from hives in apiaries located in two distinct mangrove areas dominated by laguncularia racemosa l. The information may be used to develop analytical standards for pollen, contributing to quahty control of a product offered for export or for the home market. Pollen analysis is widely used to verify the geographic origin of honeys, but has never been employed in australia. The shannonwiener diversity index h showed that high diversity of plant species was found in eleven honey samples with a range of 1. Moar botany division, dsir private bag, christchurch, new zealand abstract a pollen analytical study of new zealand honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source. Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by apis mellifera linnaeus, 1758 hymenoptera, apidae, in a mixed environment of eucalyptus plantation and native cerrado in southeastern brazil c.
There are four natural resources required by honey bees for survival. Biometrician helen nicol, biometrician with nsw agriculture, orange for preliminary analysis of earlier results and analysis. Results and discussion the pollen analysis results are shown in tables i and ii and figures 1 and 2. The foreword and the authors introduction give some idea of the nature and scope of pollen analysis, the modern phase of which subject began in 1916. Abstract a pollen analytical study of new zealand honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source.
The main emphasis was on the floral spectrum of plants and the identification of the most important plant sources for the particular honey. Figures 1 and 2 allow the visualization of the dominant pollen types occurring in honey samples from the states of ceara and piaui analyzed. Pdf pollen analysis of honey from the baltic region, estonia. Precision in interpreting pollen data recovered from honey has always been a primary goal of those who study pollen and honey.
Apiacta 44 2009 pages 1419 14 pollen analysis of apis. Review article pollen composition and standardisation of. Honey without pollen here is a list of the honey tested by food safety news that showed no traces of pollen. Pollen analysis plays a critical role in climate change studies during the quaternary f. Pollen analysis of honeys from varazdin county, croatia.
Pdf click to increase image size click to decrease image size. Analysis of honey chemistry science fair project experiments, chemistry models, exhibition ideas, expo topics for kids and also organics chemistry science ideas for cbse, icse, middleschool, elementary school for 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and high school students. Honey bee pollen is considered to be a food,and national pollen standards exist in different countries such as brazil,bulgaria,poland and switzerland. In the present investigation, 20 honey samples were collected from apis cerana and apis dorsata colonies during january 2010 to april 2011 from bee hives located at 14 locations of coorg. Analysis showed that the absence of pollen was consistent regardless of the. Honey pollen analysis honey source verification honey. Bees obtain pollen from flowers and by different species 9. Altogether, the pollen content of 325 honey samples was analysed with an average of 400. Th e palynological properties of 8 honey samples commercially produced in 1 region in croatia varazdin county were determined. Pollen analysis definition is the identification and determination of frequency of pollen grains in peat bogs and other preservative situations as a means of dating fossil and other remains. Quantitative pollen analysis of new zealand honey, poster. Pure bee pollen bee pollen for human consumtionchemical analysis of honeybee pollen. Nutritional value of bee collected pollens publication no.
The samples were submitted to both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis. To understand the scale, consider that the head of a pin is about 2 mm 2000 microns in diameter. Among the nonnectariferous plants, the highest pollen frequency 89. With these filters, a new method based on filtration and followed by acetolysis in microcentrifuge tubes was developed and compared with standard pollen analysis. The analysis will include extraction of pollen from the honey, pollen concentration values, and a complete analysis report of the recovered pollen data and a list and percentages of the primary pollen and nectar sources. Pdf knowledge about the botanical source of honey is very important for the beekeeper while it indicates adequate and abundant supply sources of.
Each sample was examined to determine the pollen percentage and pollen spectrum. Effects of processing on the pollen and nutrient content of honey. For our study, we use a 10g sample of raw honey for the analysis. In particular, honey sample analyses found from 16 to 41 taxa of pollen grains. Pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main. Characterization of some southern brazilian honey and bee plants through pollen analysis. Pollen analysis of honey samples collected from coorg district of karnataka state was undertaken to gather information regarding the bee forage plants and to determine the prevailing beeplant relationship.
Pollen analysis of honey from borana zone of southern. Honeybee pollen and raw honey are the only food on earth containing all 22 nutrients needed by mankind for complete and perfect health. Pollen analysis of honey and pollen collected by apis. In this study, we analysed the pollen content of 173 unblended honey samples sourced from most of the commercial honey producing regions in southern australia. Pollen analysis definition of pollen analysis by merriam. Karnataka map chickmagalur map karnataka state extends from 11 0 51 n to 19 0 n latitudes and from 74 0 e to 78 0 e longitudes. Pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main producing. This book is a reprint of the fourth edition, published in 1989, of the textbook of pollen analysis and is unique in its approach as it discusses both the practical and theoretical aspects of palynology. Pollen analysis was carried out on ten honey samples from western ghats, chickmagalur. It lies in deccan plateau with three major physical divisions viz coast, malnad and maidan. A total of 325 samples with a mean of 400 pollen grains each were analysed. To conduct a pollen study of raw honey we first must dilute it before the pollen can be removed for analysis.
Investigations of pollen analysis of honey samples in india are fragmentary. Melissopalynology, or the pollen analysis of honey, is widely used to verify the claimed geographic and floral origin of honey samples 68. Its scientific scope is broad since it encompasses knowledge from many disciplines including botany, geology, ecology. Pdf pollen analysis of honey and beebread derived from. Harmonized methods of melissopalynology international honey. Pollen analysis of honey, or melissopalynology, is of great importance for quality control. Micronutrient and pollen contents and antioxidant capacity orac of preblended pb raw honey samples to examine the effects of standard commercial processing i. According to their standards, 50% of the pollen must be attributed to a single floral source in order to be labeled as a single source. This volume, which will be valuable to both students and researchers alike, is a field and laboratory manual of pollen analysis which provides a wealth of information for the selection of sites, the collection and processing of samples, the identification of pollen covering northern europe and north america, and the analysis and presentation. Adulteration of honey and available methods for detection a.
Eight honey samples had lower diversity index values, ranging from 0 arero site 2 and bule hora site 3 to 0. Pdf assessment of honey plant resources through pollen. It uses palynological techniques as tools for solving problems in quaternary geology, ecology and archeology. Palynology is the microscopic study of pollen grains and spores, the fine powdery material produced on the stamens and anthers of seed plants. The present study reports the results of pollen analyses of estonian honey collected from 2000 to 2011. Publication date 1943 topics natural sciences, botany, general botany. Pollen analysis of natural honeys from the central region of.
When appropriate we will also include probable geographical region where the honey was probably produced. The dominant pollen in the state of ceara is from mimosa caesalpiniaefolia. Pdf pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main. An improved method for pollen analysis of honey sciencedirect. Pollen qualitative analysis can provide important data, especially for honey characterization with reference to its geographic origin, oc. Keywords monofloral honey, pollen, pollen analysis, pollen processing techniques, ethyl alcohol. Honey always includes numerous pollen grains mainly from the plant species foraged by honey bees and honeydew elem ents like wax tubes, algae and fungal spores that altogether provide a good fingerprint of th e environment where the honey comes from. Pollen analysis of honey, or melissopalynol ogy, is of great importance for quality control. The pollen analysis was performed using the acetolysis method. Pollen analysis of honey it is always useful to know what pollen is in a particular honey and whether it is correct to give it a specific floral origin. Pdf an improved method for pollen analysis of honey. On the basis of honey pollen analysis, in these 8 samples diff erent botanical origin was determined. This spectrum relates to nectarproducing plants, nonnectarproducing plants, contaminations, tainted honey, and mixtures barth 1989.
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